How to Reduce Electricity

How to Reduce Electricity

Reducing Electricity Bill:

                    A 100 watt device with Low POWER FACTOR consumes more power then a device with high power factor. Many of us will think that if 2 devices with same rated power will consume the same power. But the power consumption depends up on the power factor.

POWER FACTOR:

   Power factor of an AC power system is defined as the ratio of real power flowing to the load to the apparent power.
          Real Power is the power required for the device to do the job
          Apparent Power is the power consumed by the device to do the job.

Example:            If an electric motor need 500 wats to do the job. But actually It consumes 700 to perform
                    its job.
                   The remaining 200 watts will be wasted in the form of heat and is of no use.

            So, to save electricity and to reduce electricity bill, we have to reduce the wastage of unwanted power consumption.

           Now a days most of the manufacturers are using appropriate CAPACITORS used for the device, this is one of the way why energy star rated devices get such good mileage.

CONCLUSION:

• Power Savers merges the cosine spikes in electrical waveform resulting in less spike height, so they can save bills a bit. They are simply plugged into wall plug and they do that by help of a capacitor. There are some indicator lights in the device which does nothing but just shows power ok. It can save power around 10% actually.

• Only inductive loads produce cosine waves and it can be useful in cases of electric heaters, air conditioners, electrical motors, induction cookers, etc.

Power Saver Simple Circuit:

          To design a Simple Power Saver You just need a capacitor of 5-10µF of 220V or 440V according to your area grid voltage is 110V or 220V. For this, I’d recommend buying the oil based capacitors that are used in ceiling fans. They are just 2.5µF, so you need to parallel 2 to 4 capacitors. After that, just connect them into plug and see it works.

Increasing Mobile / Laptop Battery life

Increasing Mobile / Laptop Battery life 

 

  Unlike NiCad batteries, lithium-ion batteries do not have a charge memory. That means deep-discharge cycles are not required. In fact, it’s better for the battery to use partial-discharge cycles.

There is one exception. Battery experts suggest that after 30 charges, you should allow lithium-ion batteries to almost completely discharge. Continuous partial discharges create a condition called digital memory, decreasing the accuracy of the device’s power gauge. So let the battery discharge to the cut-off point and then recharge. The power gauge will be recalibrated.

Battery Do's & Dont's:

Do's:

• Properly "condition" (fully charge/discharge for first 3 cycles) the battery when it is new. Keep the battery and the contact terminals clean.
• Avoid exposing the battery to extreme heat and cold.Use the battery. 
• If possible, avoid letting your battery sit dormant for long periods of time.
• Use only the phone options and accessories that you really need.
• Charge and re-condition a battery after an extended idle period.

Don'ts:

• Toss, drop, or otherwise abuse the battery. 
• Short-circuit the battery.
• Open and expose the cell contents.
• Modify the battery casing and/or housing.
• Allow the battery to be exposed to rain or excessive moisture.Incinerate a battery. 
• Properly dispose of a used battery.

Below is the table for different type of batteries and the best way to increase its life:
     

Battery care	Lead acid: Flooded, sealed, AGM	Nickel-based:NiCd, NiMH	Lithium-ion: Cobalt, manganese, phosphate
Best way to charge	Apply a saturated charge to prevent sulfation; can stay on charge with correct float charge.	Avoid getting battery too hot on charge. Do not leave battery in charger for more than a few days (memory!).	Partial and random charge is fine; does not need full charge; lower voltage limit preferred; keep battery cool.
Charge methods	Constant voltage to 2.40–2.45/cell, float at 2.25–2.30V/cell; battery stays cool; no fast charge possible. Charge  = 14h	Constant current, trickle charge at 0.05C, fast charge preferred. Slow charge  = 14h Rapid charge = 3h Fast charge   = 1h	Constant voltage to 4.20V/cell; no trickle charge; battery can stay in charger Rapid charge = 3h Fast charge = 1h
Discharge	Do not cycle starter batteries; avoid full discharges; always charge after use.	Do not over-discharge under heavy load; cell reversal causes short. Avoid full discharges.	Prevent full cycles, apply some charge after a full discharge to keep the protection circuit alive.
How to prolong battery	Limit deep cycling, apply topping charge every 6 months while in storage to prevent sulfation, keep cells at or above 2.10V	Do not keep battery in charger for more than a few days, discharge to 1V/cell every 1–3 months to prevent memory (NiCd)	Keep cool, battery lasts longest when operating in mid state-of-charge of 20–80%. Prevent ultra-fast charging and high loads.
Storage	Do not store below 2.10V/cell; keep fully charged if possible	Store in cool place; NiCd stores for 5 years; prime before use	Store at 40% charge in cool place (40% SoC reads 3.75–3.80V/cell)
Disposal	Do not dispose. Lead is a toxic metal	NiCd: Do not dispose. NiMH: Can be disposed in low volume	Can be disposed of in low volume